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INDUCTIVE EFFECT
DEFINITION - 1
It is defined as Partial permanent shift of Sigma electrons of Carbon Chain When an atom or group with different electro negativity attached to it.
DEFINITION - 2
It can also be defined as polarisation of one bond caused by polarisation of adjacent bond.
It is also called transmission effect.
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Inductive Effect Important Points
(1) It causes permanent polarisation in molecule, hence it is a permanent effect.
(2) The displacement of electrons takes place due to difference in electronegativity of the two atoms involved in the covalent bond.
(3) The electrons never leave their original atomic orbital.
(4) Its magnitude decreases with distance and it is almost negligible after 3rd carbon atom.
(5) The inductive effect is always operative through σ bond, does not involve π bond electron.
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